Uncover the hidden dangers of PFAS and learn how these 'forever chemicals' could be impacting your health.
Even though you can’t see, smell, or taste them, “forever chemicals” may be lingering in your kitchen, closet, or even in your tap water. Known as PFAS (pronounced pea-fass), these invisible chemicals can be found in common household items like nonstick pans, waterproof clothing, or fast-food wrappers.
Once inside your body, PFAS don’t break down easily. Instead, they stay inside your bloodstream—hence the name “forever chemicals.” PFAS can potentially lead to serious health issues, like cancers, high cholesterol, and immune system problems.
How did these hidden chemicals become so pervasive and what can you do to protect yourself and your family from their effects? Here’s what you need to know about the threat of PFAS in our everyday lives.
What Are PFAS?
PFAS (pronounced pea-fass) is an acronym for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. PFAS are a widespread group of synthetic long-lasting chemicals commonly used in consumer products for decades.
These chemicals have been used in various industrial and consumer products since the 1940s. PFAS are commonly found in items such as non-stick cookware, water-repellent clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foams. The nickname 'forever chemicals' stems from their resistance to breaking down in the environment and in the human body, leading to their persistent presence over time. Some types of PFAS can take more than 1,000 years to degrade.
PFAS are made up of carbon-fluorine bonds, which are among the strongest in chemistry, making these substances exceptionally durable. This durability, however, comes at a significant cost to human health and the environment.
PFAS are found in a wide variety of everyday household items that most individuals use. For example, most nonstick cookware, waterproof clothes, and certain types of food packaging are made with PFAS. Because of the unique properties of the chemicals, PFAS products can keep food from sticking to packaging and make clothing or carpet resistant to stains. This has made the chemical a popular choice when manufacturing goods.
Sources of PFAS: How Does Exposure Happen?
Exposure to PFAS can occur through various channels. One of the primary sources is contaminated drinking water, as PFAS can seep into groundwater from industrial sites, landfills, and areas where firefighting foams have been used. A study by the United States Geological Survey found that an estimated 45% of tap water in the U.S. contained at least one type of PFAS.
Additionally, forever chemicals can be found in food, either through contaminated soil and water used to grow crops or through food packaging materials that contain these chemicals.
Household items such as non-stick cookware, stain-resistant carpets, and water-repellent clothing also contribute to everyday exposure. Even personal care products like certain cosmetics can contain PFAS, making it difficult to avoid these chemicals entirely.
Because PFAS are widely used in many products, humans can be exposed to them in several different ways. PFAS can leak into the soil, water, and air over time. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, humans are likely exposed to PFAS by unknowingly consuming contaminated water or food or breathing in air polluted by PFAS.
Since PFAS breaks down slowly, people can be exposed more than once over their lifetime. This increased exposure can cause the chemical to build up over time. One CDC report found that PFAS had been detected in the blood of 97% of individuals across the U.S.
PFAS are so ubiquitous in today’s world, making it hard to limit your exposure to these harmful chemicals.
What Health Risks are Associated With PFAS?
Research has shown that exposure to PFAS is linked to a variety of health issues. These chemicals can accumulate in the human body over time, leading to potential adverse health effects. Some of the most concerning health risks include increased cholesterol levels, changes in liver enzymes, and an elevated risk of certain cancers such as kidney and testicular cancer.
PFAS exposure has also been associated with reproductive and developmental issues, such as reduced fertility and impacts on fetal development. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that PFAS can affect the immune system, potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines.
Regulatory Actions and Guidelines on PFAS
Governments and regulatory bodies around the world are increasingly recognizing the dangers posed by PFAS and are taking steps to limit their use and manage their impact. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established health advisory levels for certain PFAS in drinking water and is working on developing more comprehensive regulations.
Other countries have also implemented measures to control PFAS contamination. For instance, the European Union has restricted the use of certain PFAS in consumer products and is considering further regulatory actions to protect public health and the environment.
Protecting Yourself: Steps to Minimize PFAS Exposure
While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to PFAS entirely, there are steps you can take to minimize your risk. Start by using a home water filtration system that is certified to remove PFAS from drinking water. Opt for products labeled as “PFAS-free” and avoid using non-stick cookware and stain-resistant treatments when possible.
Being mindful of the personal care products you use can also help reduce exposure. Check labels for PFAS-related chemicals and choose alternatives that do not contain these harmful substances. Staying informed and making conscious choices can significantly reduce your PFAS exposure.
PFAS: Your Legal Options
If you’ve been diagnosed with specific health problems after exposure to these chemicals, you may be eligible to seek legal recourse. To qualify, you’ll need proof of diagnosis, proof of PFAS exposure, and evidence your health problem has been linked to these chemicals.
If you believe you have been adversely affected by PFAS exposure, legal options may be available to seek compensation. Various lawsuits have been filed against manufacturers and companies responsible for PFAS contamination, aiming to hold them accountable for the health impacts and environmental damage caused by these chemicals.
Consulting with a legal professional experienced in environmental law and toxic torts can provide you with guidance on your rights and potential courses of action. Legal recourse can help address the injustices caused by PFAS exposure and support efforts to mitigate future risks.
